Joint Forest Management-a Review free essay sample

Joint Forest Management Joint Forest Management  often abbreviated as  JFM  is the official and popular term in  India  for partnerships in  forest  management  involving both the state forest departments and local communities. Joint Forest Management (JFM) programme in the present form can be traced to the Arabari experiment initiated by foresters in the state of West Bengal. This experiment provided a strong feedback for incorporation of the system in the National Forest Policy of 1988. In many locations people’s voluntary groups were engaged in protection of forests without any initiative from the Government. Subsequently, based on the experience, the process of institutionalizing people’s participation in forest protection and regeneration began. This type of collective endeavour in protection and management of forests through people’s involvement was later termed as Joint Forest Management. The objectives of JFM 1. To elicit active participation of villagers in (a) creation (b) management and (c)  protection of plantations; 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Joint Forest Management-a Review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To achieve ecological needs consonant with sustainable productivity of wood and other  non-timber forest resources ; 3. To wean away the land owning communities from shifting cultivation by adopting an  alternative i. . Tree Farming ; 4. To productively utilise the degraded jhumland thereby checking soil erosion; 5. To conserve Biodiversity through people’s action ; 6. To create and generate forest –based economy for the villagers  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Merits of JFM †¢ Fuel wood in the form of dry and fallen twigs and leaves from the forests is now available to participating communities. The proportion of the harvest that goes to the communities share varies across States. †¢ Some States like Gujarat, Haryana and Punjab have banned grazing completely, other States have allowed for rotational grazing. These practices have helped the regeneration and survival of vegetation in forests, and in increasing supply of fodder grasses. †¢ All NTFP, barring few nationalized products, are now available to the people free of royalty in all states. People have a right to collect even the nationalized products like Kendu leaves, Sal seeds etc. †¢ VFCs are also entitled to a share in the timber harvest in varying proportions. There are provisions for contribution to Village Development Fund from a portion from people’s share from final harvest proceedings. There has been a significant shift in the labour utilization patterns in communities across various States owing to the increased supply of fodder and fuelwood, this is more significant with respect to women. †¢ At the state level there are Corporations such as Forest Development Corporations, Forest Industries Development Corporations, etc for marketing of specific forest products and apex agencies like Marketing Federat ions such as Tribal Marketing Federation of India, which organise the marketing of forest products. There are co-operatives of the forest gatherers such as Girijan Co-operative Societies as in Andhra Pradesh. †¢ In case of timber marketing, provisions in the JFM resolutions and government regulations require the VFCs to take permission from FD for felling and transport of timber and thus, they are unable to get involved in timber marketing. †¢ On an average, 40% of the sites across the four study states showed improvements in the regeneration status owing to protection against biotic pressure, fires and illicit felling; another 20% are showing positive trends. On an average high plant densities were observed in regeneration class at 70% sites and remaining sites had high plant densities in recruitment class. JFM sites that were provided better protection and where the institutions were strong had maximum augmentation of volume and density per hectare in the lowest class owing to better regeneration. †¢ In order to provide incentives to communities for economic returns to sustain forest protection and management efforts, different states are adopting practices for augmenting supply of NTFPs. Improved agriculture is being promoted with the creation of irrigation infrastructure in many states. Status of JFM Programme Government of India on June 1, 1990 issued guidelines to the state governments for involving local communities in the protection and development of the degraded forests. Based on this,the JFM programme has now been widely adopted in twenty two states of the country. These states are Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Jammu Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. As per information received by the Ministry from the various State Governments as on 1. 1. 2000, there are 36130 JFM Committees managing 10,248,586. 41 ha. of forests under the JFM programme in these 22 states of the country. The primary objective of JFM is to provide a visible role to the local communities in planning, management and protection of forests and to give them a share in the benefits from these forests. On operational parameters, JFM is a concept of developing partnership between forest department and fringe forest user groups on the basis of jointly defined roles and responsibilities. JFM in India is gradually emerging as a powerful tool of sustainable forestry. It recognises the livelihood and sustenance needs of the people through the principle of ‘care and share’. The concept of JFM has been interpretted in various ways but the basic element in this concept is to establish grass-root community based institutions for protection and management of the forests. The programme aims at empowering local people for their active participation as partner in the management of forest resources and sharing the benefits derived from its protection and management. The JFM approach optimises the returns, minimises conflicts and links the forestry development works with over all development of the land based resources. It also aims at acquiring technical and managerial capability available at the grassroot level.

Douglas McGregors X and Y Theories

Douglas McGregors X and Y Theories Free Online Research Papers Introduction Throughout the history of industry, managers have tried to find new ways to motivate their workers, and maximize the utilization of each worker. Several theories were introduced and utilized throughout the years. Most of these theories faired pretty well, but had the common idea that the worker must be coerced into performing their duties in an acceptable manner. Douglas McGregor had a profound impact on this way of thinking by suggesting that treating workers as responsible, creative, and motivated human beings would allow them to reach their full potential and help contribute to the overall goal. McGregor’s Theories Douglas McGregor, best known for his comparison of the X and Y theories of management, is often considered the father of the Y management theory. (Douglas Mcgregor: Theory X and Theory Y, 1998) The Y management theory implies that employees as responsible individuals, who are motivated by a sense of accomplishment. According to the theory, this motivation actually causes a desire to work, ultimately increasing productivity. The X theory implies that management believes that employees are lazy and unmotivated, and that the only way to receive quality work from them is to use punitive coercion. (Brawn, 2005) Both of these theories have been proven practical to industry, depending on the application. It is even argued that the Y theory would only work in the upper corporate levels of an organization, and that type X management would work well for menial tasks that do not require much thought. Many scholars have argued that McGregor’s theories are inaccurate, and some have downright rejected them. Whatever the belief about McGregor’s theories, their importance is evident, because they are still taught in many courses on management, and their impact can still be seen in industry today. (Jacobs Nord, 2004) The X Theory Theory X, called the traditional view by McGregor, begins with the manager’s opinion that most human beings do not like working, and would avoid it at every opportunity. This perceived employee attitude contrasts sharply with the overall objectives of enterprise. Because of this viewpoint management sought to implement controls to counter this trait. (McGregor, 1960) In the traditional view most people would have to be forced to work by the threat of punishment. Managers who support this view believe that the desire to not work is so strong that offering rewards would not be enough to achieve acceptable results. In turn, the worker would only begin demanding more rewards and the acceptable level of production would never be achieved. In this view, the only reason a worker would be motivated to achieve acceptable results is to avoid the possibility of punitive action. (McGregor, 1960) Another implication of theory X is that the average person prefers direction from a superior and would always choose fewer responsibilities rather than the opportunity to better oneself. In this style of management, managers perceive their workers as having a lack of motivation and the preference of job security over the possibility of promotion. These beliefs are not typically expressed in public, however, they are evident in many company’s regulations and management policies. (McGregor, 1960) Most modern day theorists would probably agree that the X theory is somewhat inaccurate, but it is not completely wrong, and is often effectively used today. Douglas McGregor, while being a critique of the X theory, expressed some of the relevance of this theory (McGregor, 1960) when he wrote: Theory X provides an explanation of some human behavior in industry. These assumptions would not have persisted if there were not a considerable body of evidence to support them. Nevertheless, there are many readily observable phenomena in industry and elsewhere which are not consistent with this view of human nature. (p.35) The Y Theory Theory Y, often considered a kinder approach to management, contradicts theory X. According to theory Y, the average person does not dislike work and finds a degree of satisfaction in performing tasks. This would imply that most people would not have to be coerced into working just to avoid punitive action. This type of management involves more of a team approach to productivity and encourages individual growth and positive support from management. (Brawn, 2005) McGregor believes that people would complete tasks in order to gain a sense of achievement. The greatest of these needs, such as self actualization and satisfying the ego, can be achieved from the completion of organizational goals. Most people would become more productive, assume more responsibility, and want to accomplish organizational goals, to gain a sense of achievement. In essence, everybody wins in this situation; the organization receives optimal output from the worker, and the worker benefits emotionally. (McGregor, 1960) Theory Y managers would tend to believe that the average person has a great capacity for ingenuity and creativity. This capacity could be realized through the accomplishment of goals, and the nurturing and support of managers. (Collins, 1996) The average human, under the proper conditions, has a vast capacity for learning, and would willingly accept greater responsibility. (McGregor, 1960) Imagination is another aspect of the human psyche that McGregor believed was inherent in professionals and laypersons alike. McGregor (McGregor, 1960) states, â€Å"The capacity to exercise a relatively high degree of imagination, ingenuity, and creativity in the solution of organizational problems is widely, not narrowly, distributed in the population.† McGregor believed that modern industry was not conducive to creative thought, and that only a very small portion of a workers potential intellect was being used on the job. (McGregor, 1960) In the book, â€Å"The Human Side of Enterprise,† McGregor introduces Theory Y as the integration of the goals of the individual, and the goals of the business. This could definitely sum up the nature of the relationship between employee and employer. The overall job satisfaction would not only impact the employee in a positive way, but it would also greatly benefit the employer by increasing production, and overall profits. Because of this perceived integration, managers began implementing a team effort approach to achieving organizational goals. This action brings even more job satisfaction to the average worker by giving them a sense of belonging. (Brawn, 2005) The Y theory, often criticized as being outdated or invalid by many modern day management theorists, cannot simply be dismissed. This theory is taught and utilized through out the world, and in many organizations. It has not only shaped the way employees are viewed, but also the very language used in management. (Jacobs Nord, 2004) Industry today would probably be very different if McGregor had not published his theories. How to Effectively Use the Y Theory In â€Å"The Human Side of Enterprise,† (McGregor, 1960) McGregor writes about the four phases to implement a Y theory management concept. The first phase makes clear the importance of outlining the job requirements in a fashion that the employee will understand. This process will help each employee narrow down what he or she should be focusing on, and help every employee work toward the common goal instead of competing against each other. (McGregor, 1960) The Second phase, illustrates the importance of setting goals for certain periods of time. Sometimes called the planning phase, this phase would help the employee further narrow down his or her area of focus. Instead of being overwhelmed by trying to tackle the overall goal, all at once; the employee would be able to concentrate on what is most relevant for this time frame. This would encourage the employee to take responsibility for his or her actions, and would help management and the employee work together to correct the issues that may have caused the goal not to be met. Likewise, the employee would gain a sense of achievement for the goals that he or she does meet. (McGregor, 1960) The third phase, discusses the implementation of different management processes during certain phases of operations, or different time frames of employment for subordinates. This process is important because a manager must realize an employee’s experience level warrants different treatment. It would be foolish to expect the new employee to know as much about the job and be able to perform at the same level as the experienced employee. (McGregor, 1960) Taking into account matters such as financial loss and the possibility of injury, sometimes it is better for the company, if the manager steps back and lets the employee make some mistakes while he or she is learning. The employee would often learn from these mistakes, or this would allow management and the employee to reflect on these mistakes and find solutions to avoid them. This process results in the employee becoming better equipped to perform his or her job, which would increase the overall profitability of the employee. (McGregor, 1960) The final phase would be to periodically evaluate the personal performance of the employee. This evaluation is a valuable tool because it allows management and the employee to review the employee’s performance. It also gives the employee valuable criticism and allows him or her to make the necessary adjustments to improve his or her overall performance. Management would also receive a series of checks and balances from these evaluations, helping them decide how to reward or even punish individuals according their performance. It would help determine the amount of a raise an employee would get, or possibly help find the grounds to terminate the employment of an individual. (McGregor, 1960) No matter if used it as teaching tool, or used to reward or punish employees, the performance evaluation is a very effective tool. Summary Douglas McGregor introduced us to two management theories which are relevant in the work place. The X theory emphasizes on coercing people to work by threats of punitive action. The Y theory focuses on motivating employees by treating them like responsible individuals, thus creating a desire to perform. Both theories have been proven useful depending on the application. Conclusion Douglas McGregor’s theories, no matter how irrelevant some scholars might find them, must not be ignored. I have definitely seen variations of the Y theory in use during my own working experience, and cannot foresee a sea change in management style on the horizon. While many organizations do not follow McGregor’s theories exactly; many underlining principals of the Y theory can be easily seen throughout several organizations. The â€Å"kinder gentler† approach of the Y theory might not reflect the values of every society, but I think it is a great reflection of the democratic ideals of the society that we live in today. McGregor’s Y theory would be substantially beneficial in an electronics management environment. This theory would help employers and employees alike adapt to an ever changing technical world. Most workers in the electronics industry have a great deal of technical knowledge, and Y theory management would allow the employer to better utilize that knowledge. Because of the employee’s desire to perform better, his or her knowledge of the job would also increase. This would result in better employees and a more profitable business. Research Papers on Douglas McGregor’s X and Y TheoriesThe Project Managment Office SystemThree Concepts of PsychodynamicCapital PunishmentEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenTwilight of the UAWThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseDefinition of Export QuotasMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductResearch Process Part OneMind Travel

1 page report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

1 page report - Research Paper Example Companies will avoid law suites which are brought by harming the environment. Environment is made dirty when companies litter in places like beaches. There are some companies that emits carbon into the air and others spill oil into the sea (Anderson, 2006). By engaging in these practices, companies will never face law suits. Another importance for companies engaging in these practices is saving costs on production of their products. These are companies that have started recycling programs where they recycle plastic containers etc. These saves cost of producing new plastic products and it eventually cleans the environment. These practices are used by some companies as business strategies. Companies that protect the environment are praised by people because they are responsible. They get good opinion by people and customer loyalty. It is important for companies to engage in environmental sustainability practices because there are global challenges of energy efficiency. There is also climate change due to emissions by companies. Human activities have brought climate change and this should be reduced (Ramon, 2007). Living in a dirty environment predisposes people to diseases. There are several steps that companies can take in order to become environmentally sustainable. The first step is by reducing rubbish by recycling. Recycling of some rubbish reduces the operation costs of a company. Recycling of rubbish will eliminate littering which eventually encourages pests. Another step that companies should take is by manufacturing eco-friendly products. These are products that are environmental friendly. The eco-friendly products do not emit carbon and are not harmful to the environment. For instance, car manufactures are designing cars that consume less energy and emit less carbon. Air pollution is another area considered by companies. Companies are taking caution in emitting gases into the air. Some gases are dangerous when inhaled by employees and

SPITCEROW MODEL Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SPITCEROW MODEL - Assignment Example These needs were unmet by the Russian government starting from their presidents and hence the reason the conflicts started and intensified resulting in killings of even those Russian presidents. The conflict and violence was just an aggressive way of expressing these unmet drives and needs. The conflict enlarged because of inhabitation by the Al- Qaeda recruits who were based in the three camps established for their training in Chechnya. Those who graduated from these camps after two months of intensive training were given missions to conduct and one of the missions was to kill and bring about confusion in Chechnya as a way to divert attention from these three training camps. They increased the conflict by kidnapping prominent people including members of international organizations, created a financial crisis in the country which brought about disorder, they conducted strikes which eventually led to an uprising that was unified against Russia and they also created an Islamic state there. KA-K, Havva. â€Å"Reducing Violence: Applying the Human Needs Theory to the Conflict in Chechnya.† The Journal of Turkish Weekly. Retrieved from:

The Effects of Promotion Mix on Customer Brand Awareness toward Lebara Dissertation

The Effects of Promotion Mix on Customer Brand Awareness toward Lebara Mobile - Dissertation Example In the beginning of 2010, Lebara Mobile had almost 2.5 million customers throughout their business areas. Through proper marketing strategies, Lebara has become one of the global players of mobile service industry (Lebara, 2011). Aim and Objective The aim and objective of this research is to find the impact of promotion mix on customer’s brand awareness. In other words, the ways a promotion mix such as sales promotion, public relation, advertising and personal selling attract a customer towards a brand are the basic aims of the paper. The objectives of this research are to study the impact of sales promotion, public relation and advertising on brand awareness and preference. The company chosen for this research is Lebara Mobile, a ‘low cost and high quality’ mobile service operator, which runs their business internationally. By conducting this research, the researcher can find the impact of Promotion Mix on Customer Brand Awareness towards Lebara Mobile by resolvi ng certain questions. Research Questions Q1. ... A customer must be aware of the brand first if he intends to buy any product of the brand. Buying intention cannot be made without brand awareness. Brand awareness can build a bundle of connection about any brand in the memory of consumer. In a situation when a customer is aware of several brands that can fit his need criteria, then it is unlikely that a customer will seek further information of any unknown brand. A brand which has good awareness will be considered and therefore would be preferred by most customers than unknown brand (Rossiter & Percy, 1987). It has been found that brand awareness can increase the possibility of choosing any brand without any complementary change in attitude or opinion of customer. Higher the awareness of brand, higher will be the purchase intention of that brand in consumer’s mind and thus it can increase the sales of that brand (Sharp & Macdonald, 2003). Brand Awareness Brand awareness, familiarity and selection of brand are interrelated to each other. This connection primarily reveals the fact that a plethora of option increases brand awareness. The brand awareness plays a vital role in the selection of product. Even if a customer possesses adequate amount of knowledge about a great number of brands for a particular product or service, he may consider only few of those brands while purchasing for any particular purpose. There are several factors for choosing a particular brand. The brand knowledge helps customer to make immediate and easier perceptual recognition of a brand and facilitate purchasing. Brand familiarity develops encouraging and affective response about any brand. This affect can provide as an input to selection of brand. If a customer is familiar about any brand it can mediate

When Does A Monsoon Happen Environmental Sciences Essay

When Does A Monsoon Happen Environmental Sciences Essay Monsoons come from global winds and air pressure, though the exact cause is still not completely understood. India in southern Asia is in particularly dramatically affected by the seasonal monsoons every year. On the other hand, Monsoons that take place throughout the rest of the world are smaller and less extreme. We studied monsoons briefly, in our geography class but it did not satisfy my interest in seasonal monsoons that occur all over the world. We hear a lot about floods and dangerous life style in many countries but, I never knew that the real reason behind them is seasonal monsoons. In this research I will be searching more about monsoons, in general. Their causes, their effect on peoples lives, their advantages and disadvantages along with their types. Nevertheless, the reason behind choosing to write about monsoons is that I am interested to learn more about natural weather in particular seasonal monsoons and about how they amazingly help in one way and causes disasters in other ways to the civilians. Introduction Monsoons, or Mawasim (an Arabic word for monsoon), are a shift in wind direction which causes unrestrained rainfall in many parts of the world. Asia, North America, South America, and Africa face natural seasonal wind, monsoons every year. Southern Asia comes across worst seasonal monsoons each year. Monsoons are known for its use and its damages. Monsoons are usually defined as seasonal winds accompanied seasonal differences in downfalls. Indian monsoons form due to the unequal heating of the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere in summer season by the solar radiation. Similar to the formation of sea breeze over coastal station and the formation of land. However, There are two types of seasonal winds dry monsoons during summer and the winter monsoons during winter seasons. These two types effect agriculture and sometimes might cause huge damages to the civilians and peasants in areas were monsoons are most dangerous. In other places of the world monsoons are the gift that farmers wait for throughout the year for its agricultural improvement and abundance. What are Monsoons? Monsoon is a word used to describe a system of alternating winds which blow persistently from the northeast during the northern winter and from the opposite direction, the southwest, during the northern summer. Thus, the term monsoon actually refers solely to a seasonal wind shift, and not to precipitation. Traders practice the waters off the Arabian and Indian coasts noted for centuries that dry northeast winds in the winter suddenly turn to the southwest during the summer, and bring beneficial yet torrential rains to the Asian subcontinent. It had became known that these large scale wind shifts, from dry desert areas to moist tropical areas, occur in other parts of the Earth, including the Oceanic subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Australia, North America, Africa and South America. These wind shifts, and the dramatic change in weather they bring, are all more or less driven by a similar mechanism. For much of the year, low level winds in dry subtropical regions tend to blow from the land toward the sea. However by late spring, strong solar heating causes temperatures to soar over these land areas. Later on during the year much more humid air over the ocean is drawn toward the hot, dry air over land. This moist air moving onto the hot land eventually becomes unstable and develops into thunderstorms. Once this occurs and rain begins to fall, humidity levels increase over land, which only triggers more thunderstorms. This cycle will continue until land areas begin to cool in the early fall and water temperatures reach their peak in early fall. Types and formation of monsoons Caused by differential heating during summer and winter, Monsoons winds are just like land and sea breezes, except that they are on a large continental scale instead of just being to the coastal regions. Monsoons are most likely to be found in countries such as Asia especially the sub contents of China, Japan and India. The interior of Asia in the northern hemisphere during summer days is much hotter than the sea around the area. Rapid heating due to the hot weather causes the warm air to rise, creating intense low pressure. As for the southern hemisphere that experiences winter during this time creates a region of high pressure due to low temperature and cool air. Winds are thus blown across the equator into the Indian Ocean, bringing heavy rain in the form of the South-West Monsoons. The opposite takes place in the winter. Moreover, the interior of Asia is much colder than the sea around it in Northern Hemisphere. Region with high pressure will be formed by denser air and rapid coo ling. Meanwhile in the Southern Hemisphere it is summer and the warm air rises creating a region with low pressure. Winds thus blow out of the continent of Asia into the Indian Ocean as the North-East seasonal Monsoon. Compared to nearby oceans monsoons are formed by a larger altitude of the seasonal cycle of land temperature. Monsoons are caused by several factors that affect the region. To begin with heating and cooling of large land masses in relation to the surrounding sea, which impacts on pressure and winds is one of important factors. Another factor, that plays an important role in the formation of monsoons is high lands interference with the general atmospheric circulations. Monsoons, dangerous or not? Causing storms and floods, Monsoons, lead to the terrible loss of homes of people, families, and their possesses all of the catastrophic consequences makes these seasonal winds dangerous. Despite their damages that they cause, they are yet helpful and useful in other ways. One of the most important jobs that monsoons do is improving the farming in countrified areas. The agricultural operation in India entirely depends upon the monsoon which blows over the country and it helps in their rural work. If the monsoon that blows over India becomes weak in a specific year there will be crop failure. The abundant rain throughout monsoon season, sometimes for a few days it causes floods and affects the normal life. Overall the monsoon, particularly the Indian monsoon forms due the unequal heating of the Northern Hemisphere, where land area is more, and the Southern Hemisphere, where sea area is more, in summer season by the solar radiation. It is similar to the formation of land and sea breeze over coastal stations. Occurring of monsoons. Millions of civilians become homeless and with no place to go to, death rates increases each year in southern Asia, the region that experiences the worst monsoons around the world. Generally, the monsoon season of India occurs from June to September. Including how much rain will be seen and how long periods of time the rains will last the point of its effects changes from place to place. Monsoons are especially helpful for India, Bangladesh and Burma or Myanmar providing valuable water for subsistence farmers and bringing a large portion of their water supply. The economy of these countries largely depends on the success of this rainy season. Advantages and disadvantages of seasonal winds Seasonal Monsoons have some advantages and disadvantages on the continents climate. One of the advantages of these seasonal winds is the process of water cooling the earth and reducing the temperature. Earth necessitates water, if there is no rain the water bodies will get dried out. Rain is beautiful, is a visual cover, which captures human minds and thoughts. Rain is water and water is life so without water no living organism can survive. The abundance of water during seasonal winds is one of the most important advantages of monsoons. All with the vegetation of land gains from the rain brought by these seasonal winds are advantages. However, although monsoons have many advantages for the people disadvantages are also found. Extra water is not as good as average amount of water supply for the crops therefore farm some sensitive crops that need a specific amount of water will not be able to survive. Due to the floods caused by monsoons peoples properties will get lost or even damaged. However, family members especially kids and old people might get lost or even drow ned due to the flooded lands. Many people do not know how to swim which will cause lots of trouble and will not help in any way if they wanted to rescue their kids or family. Many cars might get stopped due to the high water level and people inside it will be stuck inside for long time, dying eventually. Along with the diseases and flews that people will face during these bad weather circumstances. All these are disadvantages of seasonal winds or monsoons in other words.http://www.pacificislandtravel.com/nature_gallery/monsoons2.gif Effects of monsoon Monsoons represent the second rainy season for Arizona. For, dry and warm weather are brought during months of May and June over countries such as Arizona. And by the end of June, however, afternoon clouds can be seen building over the higher land of northern Arizona, and by early July, the skies typically begin to release its accumulated moisture. With the first rainy season occurring during the cooler months of November through April. Monsoons circulation does not produce thunderstorms every day during the months of July-September, but rather occurs in a pattern that has what are known as bursts and breaks. Weak disturbances in the upper atmosphere act to focus thunderstorm activity over the state for a period of a few days to more than a week during the bursts (below, left). Occasionally, however, the Bermuda high will become a bit stronger and develops over northwestern Mexico. This leads to breaks (below, right) in the monsoon, where the southerly winds decrease and the atmosphe re becomes much less likely to allow thunderstorms to develop. Leading to a significant decrease in thunderstorm activity, and may last from a day or two to close to a week. This cycle of bursts and breaks will continue from the onset of the monsoon circulation, until the time when cold fronts begin to move across the state of Arizona, which returns our winds to a westerly or northwesterly direction. Although monsoons have bad effects on its people, including famine, the overall effects of these seasonal winds are yet useful and helpful for the farmers and peasants generally. After a long shortage of rainfall, the countries affected by monsoons seasons welcome the rain as a point at which the drought comes to an end. However, if these rainfalls during the season were below average then further drought can be devastating and will probably cause famine and further starvation for its people. All this leads to food supplies dwindling and crops unable to grow, and many of the areas inhab itants may die of famine. Those who make their living from the land welcome the season, where the rains will make a large contribution to the crops they produce. However, flood will be caused by monsoons when too much rain comes in short period of time that not only damages crops and drowns livestock, but also harm inhabitants of the area. However, in less extreme forms these floods help to fertilize the soil. Monsoons have huge impacts on farmers and their crops and livestock. If the rains dont come as expected then farming patterns can be disrupted. Not to mention the effects of drought and flood, as covered above. The economy of many countries greatly depends on agriculture, meaning that the disruption not only harms health and availability of food, but the economy as a whole and food prices rise dramatically in contrast. Satellite image of monsoon bust conditions.Satellite image of monsoon burst conditions. Burst Break Characteristics of monsoon A seasonal wind in southern Asia that blows from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter takes place over distances of thousands of kilometers, and their two frequent patterns of wind flow act over a periodical time scale. Monsoons are regional scale wind systems that predictably change direction with the passing of the seasons. These wind systems like land/sea breezes are created by the temperature contrasts that exist between the surfaces of land and ocean. However, monsoons are different from land/sea breezes both spatially and temporally. In the summer, the continents become much warmer than the oceans because of a number of factors. Some of these factors include specific heat differences between land and water, greater evaporation over water surfaces. Monsoon winds blow from the cooler ocean surfaces onto the warmer continents during the summer. Precipitation is normally related with the summer monsoon. Condensation and rain are caused from the onshore winds blo wing from the inland from the warm ocean are very high in humidity, and slight cooling of these air masses. In some cases, this precipitation can be greatly intensified by orography uplift. The winter monsoons bring clear dry weather and winds that flow from land to sea. Some highland areas in Asia receive more than 10 meters of rain during the summer months. With little solar energy available, the continents begin cooling rapidly as long wave radiation is emitted to space. In the winter, the wind patterns reverse as the ocean surfaces are now warmer. The ocean surface retains its heat energy longer because of waters high specific heat and subsurface mixing. Conclusion: In conclusion, I reached my goals and I successfully found out all the needed information on monsoons. Monsoons are seasonal winds found in many part around the world. They have many advantages and disadvantages along with good and bad effects on the agriculture of a country. There are two different types of these seasonal winds, summer and winter monsoons. Each forms and occurs in different circumstances and conditions. As a result, it is certainly not easy to live in a country that experience seasonal monsoons around the year .this research was very interesting and useful and full of information and knowledge.

Against Illegal Downloading Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Peer Pir

Against Illegal Downloading At the dawn of the internet, many things such as books and text became obsolete, due to insufficient monitoring of internet activity and sites. Individuals were able to gain free access to books and publications that normally needed to be bought, or required a fee. This is something that has caused problems for booksellers and publishers. Now, as technology advances, it also begins the decline of music, software, and television industries—but something can be done before it’s too late. Illegal downloading is a problem that affects us all, either directly or indirectly. Many people do not take it too seriously. They have not realized that it is an epidemic; like a disease that keeps growing as people become more knowledgeable about computers and learn more about how software runs. People openly burn music CDs and download music and movies for friends who in turn give it to their friends; it’s a never-ending cycle on illegal practices. The problem started when Nap ster came out and should have ended when it was shutdown. Unfortunately, not enough has been done to stop the illegal transfer of files. It’s time someone takes full action and ends this detrimental offense.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Napster is a company that developed the so-called peer-to-peer technology that lets people search and retrieve music files directly from one another's personal computers. When Napster first came out, millions of internet users worldwide were illegally downloading and distributing copyrighted music, videos, images, and software for free. After being vilified by the entertainment industry, which claims that Napster and any similar programs could make piracy of almost any digital work unstoppable, and many court battles, Napster was ordered by court to be shutdown in 2000. The technology has been praised as a revolutionary development for the Internet—unaware of the problems that would arise from such practices. However, the termination of Napster was not enough, months later, dozens of new, like programs were being developed and used. And since Napster, not much has been done to stop these latest downloading programs. Although there was a period where the Recording Industry Association of America (the RIAA), an organization that investigates the illegal production and distribution of sound recordings, went after a few users, including a twelve year old ... ...ement a chip into the motherboards to scan and analyze people’s online activities. The motherboard is the main system component of computers and all the hardware such as hard drives, video cards, sounds cards and anything else that you connect to your computer must be run through the mother board. So essentially all your activities could be monitored—especially the transfer of large files, such as songs and movies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As explained above, illegal downloading is a great problem affecting the entertainment industry and could soon be an even bigger problem for consumers. Downloading copyrighted material illegally is just as unlawful as stealing from a store or someone’s personal item. To prevent shutting down businesses and industries, internet pirates must be stopped and actively sought after. So if one is downloading material illegally take in to mind what harm it can do to and who is being hurt in the process. Free does not mean that it’s moral or fine; one must analyze and see the consequences of such actions before they continue—otherwise, it could be the end of something great because people were stealing and driving companies out of business, with no force stopping them.

Pollution: Global Warming and Personal Hygiene Products

POLLUTION Pollution happens absolutely everywhere, every single second of the day, everywhere on earth. It happens in many city, many town, or many state. You can find pollution in cars, home electronics, personal hygiene products, natural disasters, and even your own home. Pollution is poison for anything that lives and breathes; it poisons water, air, land, humans, and animals, so it cannot to be taken lightly. As a law people should take more care of their surroundings and try harder to preserve the world we live in, even if it is inconvenient to us. Because if we don’t save ourselves, who will?The things we could do to save our planet from pollution could reduce further destruction . Everyone is benefited when we have clean water, air, land, etc. . For example, we never hear any news about a person dying because of clean air but instead we hear news like, man died from pollution, family living in home pollution, water tests show pollution particles, the list goes on foreve r. By identifying the problem at an early stage, we can start to reverse the pollution process. Thus making our mother Earth cleaner. The  funny thing of all this is that though the earth is getting  polluted man is least bothered about it . e doesn’t know that he himself is digging his own  grave  because pollution not only spoils his own health but also  worsens his  quality of life. People in cities who are exposed to various kinds of pollution suffer from several ailments like high blood pressure, asthma and skin diseases. Garbage thrown around leads to break out of epidemics like cholera, malaria, chikungunya etc. Poisonous chemicals from the  air  as well as our water bodies have recently caused an exponential rise in cancer cases. Scientists say that it is still not late to act, and governments all over the world have started acting.Countries are trying their best to control pollution by adopting measures like control of   CO2 emissions, using clean fuels, proper waste management  practices, and planting trees on a large scale. However no efforts would be complete unless each one us does our bit to protect our environment. We all can contribute in our small way by  saving  fuel, water and electricity, disposing garbage responsibly and living simple lives. It is the responsibility of each one of us to safeguard the environment so that future generations can enjoy the  beauty  and bounty of Mother nature.

Giuseppe Verdi

Derek C. Zimmerman The Italian opera was at an ultimate high during the romantic period. Many composers came to life during this period and became some of the most prominent composers of all time. Giuseppe Verdi who was grown up into the opera was about to find out what famous looked like. Over five decades he demonstrated his commitment to drama and composed 28 operas and many were a huge hit. Nabucco(1841) and Rigoletto(1851), a couple of the most famous operas by Verdi, provide details of how the life of Verdi was like which made these operas such a hit. One goal is to be able to prove that Verdi, through the use of his operas, used his life experiences as a story guideline in his operas. The last goal is to provide detail on how sacrifice and atonement of forgiveness were a force in Rigoletto. The purpose of this article is to provide research and background about Giuseppe Verdi and how he was able to provide his knowledge and skill to compose some of the greatest operas known to this day. Verdi played a very big role in the composition of operas, especially throughout the romantic period. Redefining the ways the opera was displayed, Verdi mainly used his vigour and drama intelligence that distinguished his operas from others. However, well ordered Verdi changed the inflexible traditions of bel canto musical drama, which flaunted vocalists to the detriment of emotional esteems. Verdi's virtuoso was to disassemble the framework while as yet giving the vocalists (and their gatherings of people) song and splendor in sufficient measure. The majority of this was in the administration of show, as Verdi constantly focused, and dramatization, as he saw it, rose up out of the association of individuals in striking, generally desperate circumstances.Beginning Years of Giuseppe Verdi Born on October 10, 1813 in Le Roncole, Italy, Giuseppe Verdi began his musical career in the very town that he was born. Verdi was born into the world by Carlo Giuseppe Verdi (1785 – 1867) and Luigia Uttini (1787 -1851). From age four and on, Giuseppe Verdi was given private lessons in Italian and Latin by the schoolmaster in the village, Don Pietro Baistrocchi, who then led Verdi to play the organ at the local church. By having Baistrocchi helping him study, Verdi was able to begin his professional career with music. According to Hussey and Kerman (2018), by the age of nine Verdi was standing in for his teacher (Don Pietro Biastrocchi) as the organist in the village church. (Hussey and Kerman, 2018). From 1832 – 1835, Verdi appeared to have adapted much about writing and legislative issues there and in addition antithesis and the components of the opera. Later, this was shown to be true because of the success of the opera Nabucco (1842). According to Hussey and Kerman (2018), â€Å"Nabucco succeeded as sensationally as Un giorno had failed abjectly, and Verdi at age 28 became the new hero of Italian music. The work sped across Italy and the whole world of opera; within a decade it had reached as far as St. Petersburg and Buenos Aires, Argentina. While its musical style is primitive by the composer's later standards, Nabucco's raw energy has kept it alive a century and a half later.† Verdi had taken a break briefly from composing due to tragedies in his life. According to Gregorio (2017), â€Å"his two children, Virginia and Icilio, died in 1838 and 1839, respectively, followed by his wife, Margherita, in 1840.† These tragedies definitely played a big toll on Verdi's life as he dealt with heavy depression. These issues made it very hard for Verdi to compose of operas. After a year of composing nothing, Verdi finally came out of his shell and provided Nabucco to the world in 1842. In Nabucco, Verdi was able to put these tragedies to use and show in the opera how Nabucco was struck by lightning and lost most consciousness and have memory issues. Some had thought that Nabucco was dealing with some sort of delirium. According to Cambioli et al. (2017), â€Å"Furthermore, the representation of Nabucco's mental illness in the opera could also have been influenced by direct experiences of Verdi himself, who seems to have suffered from recurrent depressive episodes in that period, and for the rest of his life.† (Cambioli et al. pg. 180) The Early Mid Years of Giuseppe VerdiThe new extravagance and profundity of Verdi's musico-sensational portrayal in these years, particularly however not only of ladies, may have created out of his association with his new wife Strepponi. She is frequently evoked regarding the thoughtful and brilliant depiction of Violetta in La Traviata (1853). The tunes were superior to anything any he had composed previously, the dramatization more tightly and all the more energizing, and the portrayal through and through unique. Rigoletto makes a critical specialized progress toward a sound introduction of the show in music, particularly in the acclaimed third act; there is less qualification between the recitatives (the parts of the score that convey the plot forward in impersonation of discourse), which incline toward arioso (melodic, verse quality), and the arias, which are dealt with less formally and dovetailed into their environment, once in a while subtly. (Hussey and Kerman, 2018). Rigoletto, being one of the most famous operas of Verdi's, communicated much differently than the other operas composed by Verdi. According to Forney, Machlis, & DellAntonio, â€Å"The epitome of Romantic drama and passion, Verdi's music for Rigoletto communicates each dramatic situation with profound emotion. A play by Victor Hugo, an acknowledged leader of French Romanticism, was Verdi's source of inspiration.† (Forney, Machlis, & DellAntonio, 2015) Analysis of RigolettoAfter the atmospheric prelude or short melodic prologue to the musical drama (does some other arranger do as such much to set up a passionate domain with so few notes?), we hear party music — dance music that is apparently commonplace and ailing in nuance. It couldn't be more unique in relation to the music of the prelude and is relatively stunning in its specific situation. What's more, it is surely not what a mid-nineteenth century gathering of people part ought to have expected toward the start of a shocking musical drama. Be that as it may, Verdi's expectation is completely clear: he needs us to quickly understand the indecent and licentious nature of the Duke's court with music as crude and foul as the court and its ruler. We come to find out towards the end of the opera that forgiveness becomes a factor due to the crude and foul behavior by the Duke (D'Costa, ; Pecknold, 2013). As opposed to have the vocalists showcase the expected decrepit quality (something that would have been unthinkable in Verdi's day), the author drives the group of onlookers' creative energy into making the fitting climate by making music profoundly suggestive out of an irreverent social affair of blue-blooded gathering goers. Overlaying this sensible gathering music are the principal expressions of the artists, an obscene discussion between the Duke and Borsa, one of his subjects, about the Duke's most recent successes. This sort of discussion would typically have been dealt with (surely by any number of other Italian arrangers of Verdi's opportunity) by more customary recitative. Be that as it may, Verdi love seats the discussion with regards to arrange music went with, under typical conditions, by a little band of instrumentalists in the wings or behind the landscape. Along these lines the writer gives the impression of a genuine gathering going ahead progressively directly in front of us. Verdi's nineteenth century group of onlookers, at that point, turned out to be a piece of the scene and was conveyed substantially nearer to the stage occasions. The change from the dance music to the primary number joined by the pit ensemble happens consistently as the violins enter in jumping octaves toward the beginning of Questa o quella, the tenor's first aria (MetropolitanOpera, 2013). These initial three or four minutes of Rigoletto may not appear to be so unordinary to us now, inclined as we are to hear this well-known music after somewhere in the range of 150 years of colleague with it. Be that as it may, contrast it and a portion of the more radiant minutes from this score (the Rigoletto/Gilda two part harmony from Act II or the renowned Act IV group of four, Bella figlia) and we get the point rather rapidly: this score is a long way from uneven, Verdi is basically throwing his music to perfectly fit the sensational circumstance. How about we go somewhat more distant in attempting to comprehend Verdi's melodic portrayal. Notice that the tenor's performance music is the greater part of a self-assured, glaringly tuneful nature. Questa o quella, Parmi veder le lagrime and La donna à ¨ versatile are for the most part precisely figured to convey the character of the Duke, whom we know to be a shallow, vain man whose primary intrigue isn't such a great amount of included with statecraft as it is in plotting his next loving success. We likewise realize that his Renaissance court is absolutist; he is a tyrant dug in the old monarchical framework whose retainers and subjects are under his total and direct expert. These sorts of political frameworks are, by nature, profoundly preservationist. It ought not shock us that, in spite of the fact that Rigoletto is an extremely test musical show for Verdi, there are more seasoned, more customary operatic structures still present: they are to be found in the music of the Duke, or in music with which he is included. The Duke has, for example, the main twofold aria (Act II's Parmi veder le lagrime being the moderate cavatina, and Possente love the imperative cabaletta) and the main strophic arias (Questa o quella and La donna à ¨ portable) in the whole score. (MetropolitanOpera, 2013).In any case, the genuine test operatically, drastically and musically is to be found in the character of Rigoletto himself. The entertainer at the focal point of Victor Hugo's play Le return on initial capital investment s'amuse was only the confounded, unordinary and abnormal character that Verdi was searching for at the time. With a character delivered from a maturation of doubt, cunning, distrustfulness and fatherly love, Verdi had a creation ready for the new sort of musical drama that he wanted most importantly to make. To the psyche of an average nineteenth century devotee, Rigoletto's first solo expression more likely than not appeared to be exceptionally interesting to be sure, as he would without a doubt have expected right now a twofold aria or even an unadulterated recitative driving us into the two part harmony with his little girl. Rigoletto's character is dealt with comparatively all through the whole work. Subsequently, with every one of his defects, he seems to be a standout amongst the most human characters in all nineteenth century Italian musical drama. Giuseppe Verdi Derek C. Zimmerman The Italian opera was at an ultimate high during the romantic period. Many composers came to life during this period and became some of the most prominent composers of all time. Giuseppe Verdi who was grown up into the opera was about to find out what famous looked like. Over five decades he demonstrated his commitment to drama and composed 28 operas and many were a huge hit. Nabucco(1841) and Rigoletto(1851), a couple of the most famous operas by Verdi, provide details of how the life of Verdi was like which made these operas such a hit. One goal is to be able to prove that Verdi, through the use of his operas, used his life experiences as a story guideline in his operas. The last goal is to provide detail on how sacrifice and atonement of forgiveness were a force in Rigoletto. The purpose of this article is to provide research and background about Giuseppe Verdi and how he was able to provide his knowledge and skill to compose some of the greatest operas known to this day. Verdi played a very big role in the composition of operas, especially throughout the romantic period. Redefining the ways the opera was displayed, Verdi mainly used his vigour and drama intelligence that distinguished his operas from others. However, well ordered Verdi changed the inflexible traditions of bel canto musical drama, which flaunted vocalists to the detriment of emotional esteems. Verdi's virtuoso was to disassemble the framework while as yet giving the vocalists (and their gatherings of people) song and splendor in sufficient measure. The majority of this was in the administration of show, as Verdi constantly focused, and dramatization, as he saw it, rose up out of the association of individuals in striking, generally desperate circumstances.Beginning Years of Giuseppe Verdi Born on October 10, 1813 in Le Roncole, Italy, Giuseppe Verdi began his musical career in the very town that he was born. Verdi was born into the world by Carlo Giuseppe Verdi (1785 – 1867) and Luigia Uttini (1787 -1851). From age four and on, Giuseppe Verdi was given private lessons in Italian and Latin by the schoolmaster in the village, Don Pietro Baistrocchi, who then led Verdi to play the organ at the local church. By having Baistrocchi helping him study, Verdi was able to begin his professional career with music. According to Hussey and Kerman (2018), by the age of nine Verdi was standing in for his teacher (Don Pietro Biastrocchi) as the organist in the village church. (Hussey and Kerman, 2018). From 1832 – 1835, Verdi appeared to have adapted much about writing and legislative issues there and in addition antithesis and the components of the opera. Later, this was shown to be true because of the success of the opera Nabucco (1842). According to Hussey and Kerman (2018), â€Å"Nabucco succeeded as sensationally as Un giorno had failed abjectly, and Verdi at age 28 became the new hero of Italian music. The work sped across Italy and the whole world of opera; within a decade it had reached as far as St. Petersburg and Buenos Aires, Argentina. While its musical style is primitive by the composer's later standards, Nabucco's raw energy has kept it alive a century and a half later.† Verdi had taken a break briefly from composing due to tragedies in his life. According to Gregorio (2017), â€Å"his two children, Virginia and Icilio, died in 1838 and 1839, respectively, followed by his wife, Margherita, in 1840.† These tragedies definitely played a big toll on Verdi's life as he dealt with heavy depression. These issues made it very hard for Verdi to compose of operas. After a year of composing nothing, Verdi finally came out of his shell and provided Nabucco to the world in 1842. In Nabucco, Verdi was able to put these tragedies to use and show in the opera how Nabucco was struck by lightning and lost most consciousness and have memory issues. Some had thought that Nabucco was dealing with some sort of delirium. According to Cambioli et al. (2017), â€Å"Furthermore, the representation of Nabucco's mental illness in the opera could also have been influenced by direct experiences of Verdi himself, who seems to have suffered from recurrent depressive episodes in that period, and for the rest of his life.† (Cambioli et al. pg. 180) The Early Mid Years of Giuseppe VerdiThe new extravagance and profundity of Verdi's musico-sensational portrayal in these years, particularly however not only of ladies, may have created out of his association with his new wife Strepponi. She is frequently evoked regarding the thoughtful and brilliant depiction of Violetta in La Traviata (1853). The tunes were superior to anything any he had composed previously, the dramatization more tightly and all the more energizing, and the portrayal through and through unique. Rigoletto makes a critical specialized progress toward a sound introduction of the show in music, particularly in the acclaimed third act; there is less qualification between the recitatives (the parts of the score that convey the plot forward in impersonation of discourse), which incline toward arioso (melodic, verse quality), and the arias, which are dealt with less formally and dovetailed into their environment, once in a while subtly. (Hussey and Kerman, 2018). Rigoletto, being one of the most famous operas of Verdi's, communicated much differently than the other operas composed by Verdi. According to Forney, Machlis, & DellAntonio, â€Å"The epitome of Romantic drama and passion, Verdi's music for Rigoletto communicates each dramatic situation with profound emotion. A play by Victor Hugo, an acknowledged leader of French Romanticism, was Verdi's source of inspiration.† (Forney, Machlis, & DellAntonio, 2015) Analysis of RigolettoAfter the atmospheric prelude or short melodic prologue to the musical drama (does some other arranger do as such much to set up a passionate domain with so few notes?), we hear party music — dance music that is apparently commonplace and ailing in nuance. It couldn't be more unique in relation to the music of the prelude and is relatively stunning in its specific situation. What's more, it is surely not what a mid-nineteenth century gathering of people part ought to have expected toward the start of a shocking musical drama. Be that as it may, Verdi's expectation is completely clear: he needs us to quickly understand the indecent and licentious nature of the Duke's court with music as crude and foul as the court and its ruler. We come to find out towards the end of the opera that forgiveness becomes a factor due to the crude and foul behavior by the Duke (D'Costa, ; Pecknold, 2013). As opposed to have the vocalists showcase the expected decrepit quality (something that would have been unthinkable in Verdi's day), the author drives the group of onlookers' creative energy into making the fitting climate by making music profoundly suggestive out of an irreverent social affair of blue-blooded gathering goers. Overlaying this sensible gathering music are the principal expressions of the artists, an obscene discussion between the Duke and Borsa, one of his subjects, about the Duke's most recent successes. This sort of discussion would typically have been dealt with (surely by any number of other Italian arrangers of Verdi's opportunity) by more customary recitative. Be that as it may, Verdi love seats the discussion with regards to arrange music went with, under typical conditions, by a little band of instrumentalists in the wings or behind the landscape. Along these lines the writer gives the impression of a genuine gathering going ahead progressively directly in front of us. Verdi's nineteenth century group of onlookers, at that point, turned out to be a piece of the scene and was conveyed substantially nearer to the stage occasions. The change from the dance music to the primary number joined by the pit ensemble happens consistently as the violins enter in jumping octaves toward the beginning of Questa o quella, the tenor's first aria (MetropolitanOpera, 2013). These initial three or four minutes of Rigoletto may not appear to be so unordinary to us now, inclined as we are to hear this well-known music after somewhere in the range of 150 years of colleague with it. Be that as it may, contrast it and a portion of the more radiant minutes from this score (the Rigoletto/Gilda two part harmony from Act II or the renowned Act IV group of four, Bella figlia) and we get the point rather rapidly: this score is a long way from uneven, Verdi is basically throwing his music to perfectly fit the sensational circumstance. How about we go somewhat more distant in attempting to comprehend Verdi's melodic portrayal. Notice that the tenor's performance music is the greater part of a self-assured, glaringly tuneful nature. Questa o quella, Parmi veder le lagrime and La donna à ¨ versatile are for the most part precisely figured to convey the character of the Duke, whom we know to be a shallow, vain man whose primary intrigue isn't such a great amount of included with statecraft as it is in plotting his next loving success. We likewise realize that his Renaissance court is absolutist; he is a tyrant dug in the old monarchical framework whose retainers and subjects are under his total and direct expert. These sorts of political frameworks are, by nature, profoundly preservationist. It ought not shock us that, in spite of the fact that Rigoletto is an extremely test musical show for Verdi, there are more seasoned, more customary operatic structures still present: they are to be found in the music of the Duke, or in music with which he is included. The Duke has, for example, the main twofold aria (Act II's Parmi veder le lagrime being the moderate cavatina, and Possente love the imperative cabaletta) and the main strophic arias (Questa o quella and La donna à ¨ portable) in the whole score. (MetropolitanOpera, 2013).In any case, the genuine test operatically, drastically and musically is to be found in the character of Rigoletto himself. The entertainer at the focal point of Victor Hugo's play Le return on initial capital investment s'amuse was only the confounded, unordinary and abnormal character that Verdi was searching for at the time. With a character delivered from a maturation of doubt, cunning, distrustfulness and fatherly love, Verdi had a creation ready for the new sort of musical drama that he wanted most importantly to make. To the psyche of an average nineteenth century devotee, Rigoletto's first solo expression more likely than not appeared to be exceptionally interesting to be sure, as he would without a doubt have expected right now a twofold aria or even an unadulterated recitative driving us into the two part harmony with his little girl. Rigoletto's character is dealt with comparatively all through the whole work. Subsequently, with every one of his defects, he seems to be a standout amongst the most human characters in all nineteenth century Italian musical drama.

7 Signs of Trouble at Home Teachers Should Know

7 Signs of Trouble at Home Teachers Should Know As teachers, we arent only in charge of our students homework assignments and spelling tests. We also need to be aware of the signs of possible trouble at home. Our vigilance and responsible action help our young students be happy and healthy both at home and in the classroom. It can feel uncomfortable to bring up touchy subjects with a students parents. But as responsible adults in our students lives, it is part of our duty to look out for their best interests and help them live up to their full potential. Sleeping at School Sleep is exceedingly important to the health and well-being of young children. Without it, they cant concentrate or perform to the best of their abilities. If you notice a student regularly catching up on sleep during school hours, consider talking to the school nurse for help in formulating a plan of action in conjunction with the parents. Sudden Change in Behavior Just like with adults, an abrupt change in behavior usually signals a cause for concern. As teachers, we get to know our students very well. Keep an eye out for sudden changes in behavior patterns and work quality. If a formerly responsible student completely stops bringing his or her homework, you may want to broach the subject with the students parents. Working as a team, you can enlist their support and implement strategies to get the student back on track. Lack of Cleanliness If a student shows up at school in dirty clothes or with substandard personal hygiene, this can be a sign of neglect at home. Again, the school nurse may be able to support you in addressing this concern with the students guardians. Not only is dirtiness a health issue, but it can also cause isolation and teasing from classmates if its readily noticeable. Ultimately, this can contribute to loneliness and depression. Visible Signs of Injury As mandated reporters in some states, teachers can be legally required to report any suspected child abuse. There is nothing more important (and morally imperative) than saving a helpless child from harm. If you see bruises, cuts, or other signs of injury, dont hesitate to follow your states procedures for reporting suspected abuse. Lack of Preparedness Observant teachers can notice the outward signs of neglect at home. These signs can come in many forms. If a student mentions not eating breakfast each day, or you notice the student doesnt have lunch (or money to buy lunch), you may need to step in as an advocate for the child. Alternatively, if a student doesnt have basic school supplies, make arrangements to provide them, if at all possible. Small children are at the mercy of adults at home. If you notice a gap in care, you may need to step in and help make it right. Inappropriate or Inadequate Clothes Be on the lookout for students who wear the same outfit virtually every day. Similarly, watch out for students who wear summer clothes in the winter and/or lack a proper winter coat. Worn-out or too-small shoes may be additional signs that something isnt right at home. If the parents arent able to provide appropriate clothing, you may be able to work with a local church or charity to get the student what he or she needs. Mentions of Neglect or Abuse This is the most obvious and clear sign that something is wrong (or maybe even dangerous) at home. If a student mentions being home alone at night or getting hit by an adult, this is definitely something to investigate. Again, you should report these comments to a child protective services agency in a timely manner. It is not your job to determine the veracity of such statements. Rather, the relevant government agency can investigate according to ​its  procedure and figure out whats really going on.

NEW YORK STATE CONSTITUTIONAL RATIFICATION CONVENTION DEBATE Essay

NEW YORK STATE CONSTITUTIONAL RATIFICATION CONVENTION DEBATE - Essay Example I also believe that we, as proud citizens, must take pride in our inheritance of forging unity in diversity and ratification of the constitution would facilitate the platform where all American would be treated with equality. The colonial rulers exploited the local people and the local resources for their own and their country’s interests. Oppression and total disregard for the welfare of the locals were the dominant features of the colonial rulers. The freedom from the colonial rulers is therefore, a vital consideration to promote a united front so that no external power can ever exploit our people or its resources. Law, as we know is an important part of social construction and provides its people with the security from within and outside harm of any kind. The ratification of the constitution is therefore essential for the security of our people. I must also assert that the constitution encourages the people’s desire to restore their dignity through creation of channels for development and establishment of a government that would work for the cause of common man. Hence, ratification of the constitution must become the key factor in looking at the welfare of the people at large. The constitution would empower the citizens of America, with the legal rights to live with dignity and ensure every citizen with the security umbrella from the external threat. The ratification of the constitutions would help establish uniform democratic process. In the eighteenth and nineteenth century, racial discrimination was rampant and the whites maintained a racial divide within the society through deliberate use of powerful lobby of the whites and financial advantages that they enjoyed over their less privileged counterparts. Slavery was abolished by Abraham Lincoln when he issued ‘Emancipation Proclamation’ of slaves that

Marconi Jicks-Managing change in a company in severe crisis Essay

Marconi Jicks-Managing change in a company in severe crisis - Essay Example First, Managing Individual Emotions and Reactions to Change is the most complex and difficult due to the fact that nobody can please everybody and most especially nobody can satisfy the desire and need of everybody. Each person has needs that define their motivation which ultimately dictate their emotions and reactions. The Marconi stakeholders are no different. The mismanagement of the individual’s emotion and the resulting reaction to change is likened to a virus that can infect everybody making the company collectively resistant to any needed change. Second, Implementing the Change Agenda, Incorporating Hard and Soft Elements, after being threatened July 2001 to be put out of the job, each of Marconi’s remaining employees have their backs against the wall already. False application of the diplomatic or persuasive approach also known as the soft approach may not hold true to everybody the same is true to the opposite or hard approach. And Fifth, Leadership of Change is the least complex and difficult of all the issues since Mike Parton already has the imprimatur to effect change from the leadership of Marconi and is recognized by all stakeholders. Men are nonetheless resilient to change. Adversities or crisis in a culture normally makes the entire society more cohesive in achieving a common goal. However, a crisis that threatens the very livelihood of the employees tends to make each individual to prioritize providing for their family first instead of dwelling in abstract concepts such as the impetus to change. The measure of the conference’s impact can be effectively determined by the amount of change that happened thence and the actual support it garnered amongst the different stakeholders. The conference was able to show the presence of Mike Parton and the commitment of the leadership of Marconi which settled the percolating restiveness in the company amongst the stakeholders. The conference most